Effect of fucoxanthin on growth and apoptosis of HSC-T6 cells

AIM: To explore the effect of fucoxanthin (Fu) on the growth and apoptosis of HSC-T6 cells. METHODS: HSC-T6 cells were divided into blank control group, negative control group and drug groups (treated with different concentrations of Fu). The cell viability was detected by CCK-8 assay at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h after Fu treatment. The cell cycle distribution and apoptotic rate were analyzed by flow cytometry. The protein expression of Bcl-2 and Bax were detected by Western blot. RESULTS: Compared with blank control group, the viability of HSC-T6 cells was inhibited by Fu at concentrations of 15~75 μmol/L in a dose- and time-dependent manner (P < 0.01). The cell ratio of G₁ phase was significantly decreased (P < 0.01) and the cell ratio of S phase and G₂ phase was significantly increased (P < 0.01) in 60 μmol/L Fu group after 24 h. The cell ratio of G₁ phase was significantly decreased (P < 0.05) and the cell ratio of S phase and G₂ phase was significantly increased (P < 0.05) in 15 μmol/L and 30 μmol/L Fu groups in a dose-dependent manner after 48 h. The early cell apoptotic rates and total cell apoptotic rates were significantly increased in the Fu treatment groups in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05). The protein expression of Bax was significantly increased in the Fu treatment groups and the protein expression of Bcl-2 was significantly decreased in 30 μmol/L and 60 μmol/L Fu groups (P < 0.05).CONCLUSION: Fu inhibits the growth of HSC-T6 cells possiblely via arresting the cell cycle at S phase and G₂ phase. The apoptosis of HSC-T6 cells induced by Fu might be via down-regulating the protein expression of Bcl-2 and up-regulating the protein expression of Bax.     

用原子荧光法检测家蚕体内硒的含量及其分布

硒对动物生殖发育、免疫系统具有重要功能,是动物必需微量元素。采用原子荧光法对不同系统家蚕体内硒的含量及其分布进行测定,结果显示:在喂食相同桑叶的情况下,不同系统家蚕品种幼虫体内的硒含量存在显著差异,5龄第4天的中系家蚕品种幼虫体内的硒含量明显高于日系家蚕品种,其中中系家蚕品种19-570体内的硒含量最高。对家蚕品种大造体内硒分布的研究结果表明:精巢中的硒含量明显高于其他组织,头部次之,脂肪体中的硒含量相对较低,由此推测硒在家蚕的生殖发育过程中可能发挥着重要作用。     

大田常用农药对家蚕的熏蒸毒性测试

为减少粮桑混栽地区大田使用农药不当对蚕桑生产造成的损失,采用密闭熏蒸法测定了7种大田常用农药对家蚕的熏蒸毒性。在30℃环境中经过24 h,对2龄起蚕的LC50:敌敌畏0.1860 mg/m3,敌畏.毒1.3241 mg/m3,毒死蜱48.4111 mg/m3,氟腈.唑磷139.8818 mg/m3,三唑磷161.1514 mg/m3,氟虫腈208.330 mg/m3,吡虫啉333.330mg/m3时2龄起蚕仍无中毒症状。在25℃下经过24 h,对2龄起蚕的LC50:敌敌畏0.2020 mg/m3,敌畏.毒3.7282mg/m3,毒死蜱91.3669 mg/m3。结果表明:农药对家蚕的熏蒸毒性随着温度的升高而增强;敌敌畏、敌畏.毒对家蚕的熏蒸毒性最强,毒死蜱有一定的熏蒸毒性,三唑磷、氟腈.唑磷、氟虫腈、吡虫啉对家蚕的熏蒸毒性较小。     

汉源金花梨果园土壤和果实中重金属元素含量的测定分析

采用原子吸收法测定了汉源县7个地点的金花梨果园土壤和果实中重金属元素Cu、Cd、Cr、Pb的含量.将测定结果与中华人民共和国农业行业标准中的相关标准值进行分析比较.结果表明:7个采样地点中土壤重金属元素Cu、Cd、Cr、Pb的含量均小于标准值,果实中只有2个地点的Cd元素含量略微高于国家标准值,分别为标准值上限的165.67%和160.33%.相关性分析则表明土壤和果实中重金属元素之间并没有太大的相关性.     

树莓夏秋两季结果型品种顶峰生物学特性的研究

试验调查了树莓夏秋两季结果型品种顶峰的生长发育和开花结实特性.结果表明:品种顶峰分别在同一年的夏季和秋季两次开花结果,每年的6月下旬到7月下旬2a生枝结果即夏季结果期,果实生长发育从开花到成熟需28d,采收期近1个月,结果后枝条自然枯萎死亡;顶峰的秋季结果期为8月中旬到9月末,结果部位为1a生枝的中上部,果实生长发育需36d,采收期长达46d,采收后11月初枝条进入休眠.顶峰1a生枝的长度在6月上旬和7月上旬增加迅速,7月中旬停止增加,粗度的快速增加集中在6月上旬和7月份,8月初粗度停止增加,2a生枝的长度和粗度都不增加.     

Specific Responses of Soil Microbial Residue Carbon to Long-Term Mineral Fertilizer Applications to Reddish Paddy Soils

Mineral nutrient inputs to soil may alter microbial activity and consequently influence the accumulation of microbial residues. In this study, we investigated the effects of application rates and ratios of mineral fertilizers on the microbial residue carbon(MRC) of reddish paddy soils after long-term(15-year) fertilizer applications in southern China. Contents of three soil amino sugars as microbial residue contents were determined and MRC were calculated based on amino sugars. Results showed that three individual amino sugar contents increased as fertilizer application rates increased until maximum values were reached at a rate of 450-59-187 kg ha~(-1) year~(-1)(N-P-K). The three amino sugar contents then declined significantly under the highest mineral fertilizer application rate of 675-88-280 kg ha~(-1) year~(-1)(N-P-K). In addition, to enhance the microbial residue contents, it was more beneficial to double P(N:P:K= 1:0.26:0.41) in fertilizers applied to the P-deficient reddish paddy soils than to double either N(N:P:K = 2:0.13:0.41) or K(N:P:K= 1:0.13:0.82). The contents of the three individual amino sugars and microbial residues under different fertilizer application rates and ratios were significantly and positively correlated with soil organic carbon(SOC), total N, total P, and p H. Increases in values of the fungal C to bacterial C ratios showed that soil organic matter(SOM) stability increased because of the fertilizer applications over the past 15 years. The contents and ratios of amino sugars can be used as indicators to evaluate the impact of mineral fertilizer applications on SOM dynamics in subtropical paddy soils. The results indicated that fertilizer applications at a rate of 450-59-187 kg ha~(-1) year~(-1)(N-P-K) may improve crop yields, SOC contents, and SOC stability in subtropical paddy soils.     

高寒草甸土壤微生物功能多样性对氮肥添加的响应

采用Biolog-ECO生态板法研究了4个施N水平[0 g/m²（CK）,10 g/m²（N₁₀）,20 g/m²（N₂₀）,30 g/m²（N₃₀）]下土壤理化性质和微生物功能多样性的变化规律。结果表明:中高水平氮肥添加显著增加了速效氮、速效磷含量和根土比,但降低了土壤含水量。施N肥0-10 cm土层平均颜色变化率降低,而10-20 cm土层则被提高,且N₂₀最大。施N肥后降低了0-10 cm土层土壤微生物Shannon-Wiener指数、Pielou指数和McIntosh指数,但10-20 cm土层则被提高。PCA分析表明,施N肥改变了土壤微生物代谢功能类型,糖类、氨基酸、酸类是土壤微生物主要利用的碳源类型。RDA分析表明,在0-10 cm土层,土壤含水量和全氮是影响土壤微生物功能多样性的主要因子,而10-20 cm土层主要受土壤含水量和速效磷的影响。综上,施N肥增加了土壤的有效养分含量,进而改变土壤微生物功能多样性、碳源利用能力和数量。     

内蒙古1981-2010年干湿气候类型和净第一性生产力演变

为了更好服务于内蒙古地区生态建设,提供地区大气候背景的演变过程。运用徐文铎湿润指数划分了内蒙古地区的干湿气候类型,研究结果表明:1981—2010年内蒙古半干旱区、干旱区+极干旱区面积、亚湿润区+湿润区面积分别为343 090,388 035,411 819 km²;2001—2010年半干旱区+干旱区+极干旱区面积是20世纪90年代面积的1.3倍;半湿润区+湿润区面积减少了0.5倍,地区生态环境质量进一步下降。干湿气候类型与历年降水量分布图对比显示,干旱区和极干旱区面积与200 mm降水量分布线对应;湿润区在东北地区与400 mm分布线接近;分布最广的半干旱区受温度和降水综合影响较多,与雨量带分布无明显关系。1981—2010年,温度呈显著增加趋势,降水量下降趋势属正常气候波动。地区净第一性生产力（NPP）与降水量的相关系数达到显著水平,相关系数为0.930 0,而与温度的相关系数只有-0.270 0。年代际NPP在2001—2010年下降明显,从西北到东南阶梯式降低,受影响较大的地区主要分布在呼伦贝尔市西部的典型草原和温性草甸草原,赤峰市和通辽市也下降明显;总趋势是东部区下降明显,西部区波动变化,整体下降明显。     

生化抑制剂组合与施肥模式对黄泥田稻季氨挥发的影响

为探讨生化抑制剂组合与施肥模式对黄泥田稻季氨挥发的影响,采用二因素随机区组设计,研究生化抑制剂组合[N-丁基硫代磷酰三胺(NBPT)、N-丙基硫代磷酰三胺(NPPT)和2-氯-6-(三氯甲基)吡啶(CP)]与施肥模式(一次性和分次施肥)互作对黄泥田稻季氨(NH3)挥发动态变化的影响。结果表明:黄泥田稻季NH3挥发损失主要集中于施肥后1周,峰值发生在第1~3 d。生化抑制剂组合与施肥模式对黄泥田稻季NH3挥发损失量的效应显著。尿素分次施用处理稻季NH3挥发净损失率较一次性施用处理显著降低24.6%。不同施肥模式下,硝化抑制剂CP处理显著提高田面水NH+4-N峰值和NH3挥发速率峰值,增加稻田NH3挥发损失量;脲酶抑制剂NBPT/NPPT或配施CP处理明显延缓尿素水解,降低NH3挥发速率峰值,减少稻田NH3挥发损失量。新型脲酶抑制剂NPPT单独施用及与CP配施的稻田NH3挥发动态变化与NBPT相似。相关性分析表明,稻田NH3挥发速率与田面水NH+4-N浓度和pH值呈显著正相关,而与气温、土温和土壤相对湿度无显著相关性。总之,生化抑制剂组合与适宜的运筹相结合更能有效减少黄泥田稻季NH3挥发损失。     

铵态氮和硝态氮调节盐胁迫豌豆幼苗生长和根系呼吸的作用

【目的】 土壤盐渍化在干旱和半干旱灌溉区是制约农业生产的非生物因素之一,合理的调控措施可以减轻盐渍化对植物的危害,本文探讨了氮源调节豆科植物盐胁迫的生理生态机制。 【方法】 采用砂培试验,以3个豌豆品种 (银豌1号、S5001-1和Ha) 为供试材料,设定三个盐分浓度(0、50、100 mmol/L),分别供应铵态氮和硝态氮4 mmol/L,每个品种均设六个处理。培养29天后对豌豆幼苗生物量、根系生长参数、根系呼吸及植株盐分离子含量进行测定。 【结果】 1) 三个盐分浓度相比,50 mmol/L NaCl处理下的3个豌豆品种幼苗的地上生物量和根系生长指标(根干重、根长和根表面积)显著高于0和100 mmol/L NaCl处理,且硝态氮处理显著高于铵态氮;2) 与无NaCl处理相比,3个豌豆品种植株含水量在100 mmol/L NaCl处理下明显降低,且硝态氮处理的显著低于铵态氮处理;3)豌豆根系呼吸速率均随着盐分浓度的增加和培养时间的延长总体呈降低趋势。3个豌豆品种根系呼吸速率对硝态氮和铵态氮的反应不同,相同盐分水平下,银豌1号铵态氮处理的高于硝态氮,Ha品种则相反,而S5001-1品种在两种氮源间差异不大。在50 mmol/L NaCl胁迫下,豌豆品种S5001-1与Ha硝态氮处理的根系呼吸累积量明显高于铵态氮,而银豌1号则相反;100 mmol/L NaCl胁迫下,豌豆品种Ha硝态氮处理的根系呼吸累积量显著高于铵态氮,其他两个品种在不同氮源处理间无差异。相同盐分胁迫水平下,银碗1号铵态氮处理的根系呼吸累积量明显高于品种S5001-1和Ha,而硝态氮处理下,品种Ha的根系呼吸累积量最高。4) 3个豌豆品种幼苗地上部Na+和Cl–含量均随盐浓度的增加而增加,而不同氮源对Na+在豌豆体内累积的影响因豌豆品种而异。 【结论】 在中度盐分胁迫下,施氮肥可缓解盐分胁迫对豌豆幼苗生长的影响,硝态氮缓解能力高于铵态氮,但在重度盐分胁迫下,盐胁迫是影响植物生长和离子吸收的主导因子,氮源调节作用变弱。尽管不同豌豆品种的根系呼吸对NH₄+-N与NO₃–-N的反应不同,但NO₃–-N缓解盐胁迫的效果总体上好于NH₄+-N。